A bail test involves the removal of water from a piezometer, whereas a slug test is performed by the addition of water or a slug of metal into the piezometer. Hvorslev slug test the hvorslev 1951 slug test is designed to estimate the hydraulic conductivity of an aquifer. A slug test is based on instantaneously making the water level in the bore either rise or fall, and then recording the behavior of the. Super slug slug test analysis software bouwer and rice automatic. Introduction to electrical resistivity method lecture01 duration. The experimental data, obtained by 59 slug tests, were processed with three different methods of analysis. H 0 is the difference between the pre test level and the highest level immediately after insertion of the slug, h is the difference between the pre test level and the level at some time t after the insertion of the slug. The hydraulic conductivity of an aquifer can be determined by a series of tests using a single piezometer. Aqtesolv features a comprehensive suite of analytical solutions for evaluating pumping test and slug test data in confined, unconfined, leaky and fractured aquifers.
Unconfined or nonleaky confined aquifer of apparently infinite. This study compares slug test methods for unconfined aquifers, looking at how to conduct a test using a physical slug, and at different analysis methods including bouwer and rice 1976, kansas geological survey kgs 1994, hvorslev 1951 and. Hvorslev, bouwerrice and kgs, to obtain a permeability characterization of the area and. Apr 10, 2020 the hvorslev method of slug test analysis addresses a variety of well and aquifer geometries, is easy to apply, and is widely used. Super slug provides extensive flexibility for fitting the line to data. The buttons on the bottom left and right corners of the screen exclude or include data from the analysis. The natural logarithm of drawdown is plotted against the time since the start of the test. The hvorslev method of slug test analysis addresses a variety of well and aquifer geometries, is easy to apply, and is widely used. Slug tests for determining hydraulic conductivity of. Compare slug test solutions in the pro and standard versions overdamped slug tests. Comments are turned off autoplay when autoplay is enabled, a suggested video will automatically play. Designed by hydrogeologists for hydrogeologists, aquifertest delivers all the tools needed to accurately interpret data from all types of aquifers in all. Hvorslev 1951 solution for analyzing overdamped slug tests in confined aquifers.
Danishamerican geotechnical engineer mikael juul hvorslev 18951989 introduced an approximate. May i use thi methodology to calculate k in a piezometer in a dry season when there is no recharge. Aquifertest pumping test and slug test analysis and. The first approach is a spreadsheetbased procedure using the excel software. The two procedures described here for the analysis of slug tests in formations of high hydraulic conductivity implement straightforward extensions of models previously proposed for tests in lesspermeable formations bouwer and rice, 1976.
Refer to freeze formations, water resources research, vol. Slug test advantages one well field test easy to perform minimal time and equipment no or minimal water for disposal, if contaminated most popular test performed at contamination sites developed for low k formations k 10 2 cms. Oct 09, 2017 graphical determination of hydraulic conductivity. See how to set up a slug test in aqtesolv for manual and automated hvorslev type curve fitting. The thiem equation is a steady state expression of radial flow to a well, and thus initially seems significantly different from the time varying solutions required for slug test analysis. Calculate hydraulic conductivity from slugtest data using bouwer and rice method step1 graph slugtest data log head vs. The numerical analysis of the special pulse test provides exactly the classical solution, and the correct values of t and s after. The rate of inflow or outflow, q, at the piezometer tip at any time t is proportional to k of the soil and the unrecoverable head difference. For both types of tests, the water level recovery is measured. This report documents several spreadsheets that have been developed for the analysis of aquiferpumping test and slugtest data. These solutions allow you to analyze data with underdamped and overdamped response and include a correction for frictional well loss in smalldiameter wells. It is a method used by hydrogeologists and civil engineers to determine the transmissivity hydraulic conductivity and. A mathematical solution by hvorslev 1951 is useful for determining the hydraulic conductivity of nonleaky confined aquifers. The following figure illustrates the mechanics of a slug test.
Estimation of hydraulic conductivity using the slug test. Aug 14, 2019 the hvorslev method of slug test analysis addresses a variety of well and aquifer geometries, is easy to apply, and is widely used. An example of a hvorslev analysis graph has been included in the following figure. The bouwer and rice 1976 method is most popular than other methods because it was designed specifically for tests of unconfined aquifers, the most common kind of slug test performed. Based on steady state flow assumptions, this method is specifically intended to be applicable to unconfined aquifers. May 10, 2016 see how to set up a slug test in aqtesolv for manual and automated hvorslev type curve fitting. Normalized curves do not coincide for various initial heads, as would be predicted by linear theories, and are shifted to larger times for higher initial heads. Slug tests in unconfined aquifers scholarworks at wmu. Time lag and soil permeability in groundwater observations.
It is a method used by hydrogeologists and civil engineers to determine the transmissivityhydraulic conductivity and storativity of the material the well is. H 0 is the difference between the pretest level and the highest level immediately after insertion of the slug, h is the difference between the pretest level and the level at some time t after the insertion of the slug. Choose aqtesolv to get the most advanced software for slug test analysis including methods for single and multiwell tests, overdamped and underdamped conditions, wells screened across the water table, and more. While doing slug tests in highpermeability aquifers, we have consistently seen deviations from the expected response of linear theoretical models. Spreadsheets for the analysis of aquifertest and slugtest data. Super slugs hvorslev method also supports partial penetration. The slug test method is one of a number of different methods that are used to evaluate the permeability or hydraulic conductivity of an aquifer. This repository includes python scripts for the plotting and analysis of rising head slugtests. This report documents several spreadsheets that have been developed for the analysis of aquiferpumping test and slug test data. For the hvorslev analysis method, you must enter all values for the piezometer geometry. The hydraulic conductivity value is then used with the vhg to compute hyporheic flux at the point of measurement. The hvorslev slug test is designed to estimate the hydraulic conductivity of an aquifer.
The hvorslev 1951 slug test is designed to estimate the hydraulic conductivity of an aquifer. The instructions in this exercise assume that you are familiar with navigating aquifertest. Spreadsheets for the analysis of aquifer test and slug test data, version 1. We have developed a general nonlinear model based on the navierstokes. Kipp 1985 shows that analysis methods for slug tests in less permeable formations are valid for c d values greater than about 10. The test is intended for use in confined aquifers although may be extended to unconfined aquifers in many cases. A slug test involves inducing a rapid change in water level in a test well see. Slug test methods are used to determine in situ aquifer hydraulic conductivity k more quickly and economically than a pump test can. The slug test is simpler and quicker than the theis pumping test because observation wells and pumping the well are not.
Super slug s hvorslev method also supports partial penetration. The slug test acquisition software included with the gw1600 kit is loaded on a portable computer and used to observe and acquire slug test data in the field. However, it is much more time determining the hydraulic properties of tight consuming than the hvorslev method. Now, not only can you acquire highquality data with. For the love of physics walter lewin may 16, 2011 duration. Aqtesolv slug tests includes solutions by butler 1998, springergelhar 1991 and butlerzhan 2004 for the analysis of slug tests with oscillatory response due to inertial effects.
The basic procedure for analysis of slug test data includes the following steps. If data are not of sufficient quality to quickly identify a linear range for analysis. A slug test is a particular type of aquifer test where water is quickly added or removed from a groundwater well, and the change in hydraulic head is monitored through time, to determine the nearwell aquifer characteristics. Slug test data are affected by factors such as well skin and aquifer anisotropy chirlin, 1990. Aquifertest for windows pumping test and slug test analysis. Spreadsheets for the analysis of aquifertest and slugtest. The method of bouwer and rice 1976 for analyzing slug test data is widely used to estimate hydraulic conductivity k. An assessment of the nguyen and pinder method for slug test.
With the slug test the hydraulic conductivity or transmissibility of an aquifer is determined from the rate of rise of the water level in a well after a certain volume or slug of water is suddenly removed from the well. Comparing slug test methods for unconfined aquifers by. Inasmuch as aquifer storage is not present in the hvorslev, and bouwer and rice methods, the time independent equation of thiem can be used for this case. Aqtesolv is the most comprehensive slug test software for overdamped to. Overdamped slug tests are the ones we commonly analyze with techniques like the straightline methods of hvorslev 1951 and bouwer and rice 1976 and the type curve methods of cooper, bredehoeft and papadopulos 1967 and hyder et al. The bower and rice method is also commonly used bower, h. Hvorslev slug test solution for confined aquifers aqtesolv. Environmental software 7 1992 8793 automated analysis of slug test data a. Analysis involves matching a straight line to waterlevel displacement data collected during an overdamped slug test.
Spreadsheets for the analysis of aquifertest and slug. Aquifertest has eliminated this timeconsuming process with an intuitive interface design and convenient data entry methods. Analysis of slug tests in formations of high hydraulic conductivity general overview. Aqtesolv makes the application of straightline solutions e. An evaluation of the bouwer and rice method of slug test analysis. Super slug provides a draganddrop implementation of the cooper, bredehoeft, papadopulos type curve method. Kgsofr 200040simple procedures for analysis of slug tests. Super slug the easiest aquifer slug test analysis software for windows with all popular slug. Aqtesolv for windows is the leading software package for the analysis of aquifer. In order to test the assumptions of hvorslevs method, rigorous treatment of test procedures and data analysis should be conducted as discussed in the hydrogeological literature see, e. The slug test analysis sta software is a simple, userfriendly software package designed for use with slug test data obtained with the geoprobe systems gw1600 pneumatic slug test kit. The slug test analysis software is a graphical interface used to model the data collected from a slug test conducted in direct push tools or conventional monitoring wells that provide either an over damped or underdamped response. Slug test method measurement of hydraulic conductivity. A mathematical solution by hvorslev 1951 is useful for determining the hydraulic conductivity k of nonleaky confined aquifers.
If data from a slug test performed in a partially penetrating well in a confined aquifer need to be analyzed, recent work has shown that the hvorslev method is the best alternative among the commonly used techniques. Hvorslevs equation for a partially penetrating well or piezometer not in. Aquifertest for windows pumping test and slug test. Search the internet for hvorslev slug test analysis method for further information. Hvorslev 1951 solution for a slug test in an unconfined aquifer 109 hyder et al. Automated analysis of slug test data sciencedirect. Two new approaches for the analysis of slug tests in formations of high.
The slug test analysis tool has been tested for accuracy using datasets from different slug tests and compared to other analysis approaches. A slug test for determining hydraulic conductivity of. Slug test advantages one well field test easy to perform minimal time and equipment no or minimal water for disposal, if contaminated most popular test performed at contamination sites developed for low k formations k slug testing 10 2 cms. The analysis portion of the test should form a straight line portion of the response curve. The procedure involves either adding or removi ng a measured quantity of water from a well rapidly, followed by making a rapid series of waterlevel measurements to assess the rate of waterlevel. Software for slug test analysis by hydrosolve, inc. An example of a hvorslev slug test is available in the project.
The hvorslev shape factor expression f connecting the water flux q, the hydraulic conductivity k, and the head h in the slugged well q fkh was originally derived hvorslev, 1951 for a homogeneous hydraulic conductivity and for a semiellipsoidal casing. For sandy materials, tests were repeated on each well using several different slug sizes, ranging from 0. Depending on the test conditions, for applying the hvorslev method, often the following. Analysis of fallinghead slug test using bouwer and rice 1976 method and recommended normalized head range. The most common limitation of pumping test analysis software packages has been that it is often very difficult andor tedious to get the pumping test or slug test data into the program. The slug test method is designed for minipiezometers or wells, and is used to estimate hydraulic conductivity k h. Aquifertest is an easytouse software package for analyzing, interpreting and visualizing pumping and slug test data. Spreadsheets for the analysis of aquifertest and slugtest data, version 1. The hvorslev 1951 slug test is designed to estimate the hydraulic. For analysis of nonoscillatory slug tests using the hvorslev 1951 method or the bouwer and rice 1976 method, the log of the head response after slugging the well is plotted against. The hvorslev method is a popular method for evaluating slug test data.
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